Contents new and revisited species in aspergillus section nigri growth and hydrolase profiles can be used as characteristics to distinguish aspergillus niger and other black aspergilli. Aspergillus fumigatus is by far the most common cause of human disease. Biodiversity of the genus aspergillus in different habitats. Spoilage of cereals and cereal products by the hazardous species a.
The polythetic morphological definition of both aspergillus and penicillium adopted in this paper acknowledges that while certain conidiophore patterns are typical of 90 % or more of the included species, other patterns may occur in a minority of species. Aspergillus is a very large genus containing about 250 species, which are currently classified into seven subgenera that are in turn subdivided into several sections comprised of related species raper and fennell 1965, gams et al. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. These fungi can synthesize a variety of secondary metabolites, many of which show animal toxicity, creating a health risk for food production animals and to humans as final consumers, respectively. Aspergillus is a large genus of fungi in the phylum ascomycota. Species original reference medically significant mycobank index fungorum original paper current name anamorph aspergillus sp. Taxonomic characterization and secondary metabolite.
Inhalation of conidia is frequent, but only a minority of exposed persons will develop disease. It is best known for its colonization of cereal grains, legumes, and tree nuts. Taxonomic studies on the genus aspergillus nhbs academic. Agriculture, aflatoxins and aspergillus, biosynthesis of aspergillus, the molecular genetics of aflatoxin biosynthesis, aspergillus toxins in food and animal feedingstuffs, aspergilli in feeds and seeds, anti insectan effects of aspergillus metabolites, aspergillus spoilage, in dustrial fermentation and aspergillus citric acid, regulation of orga nic acid product by aspergilli, aspergillus. The genus aspergillus from taxonomy and genetics to industrial. From taxonomy and genetics to industrial application f. Aspergillosis is a large spectrum of fungal diseases, which primarily affect the lungs and are caused by members of the genus aspergillus. Its specific name flavus derives from the latin meaning yellow, a reference to the frequently observed colour of the spores. From taxonomy and genetics to industrial application 69 1994, hardcover at the best online prices at ebay. New and revisited species in aspergillus section nigri. There are several hundred species or types, some of which are important to medicine, science and industry.
Aspergillus is a filamentous fungus genus that causes various clinical syndromes, including invasive, allergic and saprophytic disease. The goal of this chapter is to represent the biodiversity of genus aspergillus in a wide range of environmental habitats including deserts, salterns, agricultural, polar, aquatic, mangrove, living. Aspergillus spores can germinate and grow inside large pathologic spaces within the lung. Aspergillus, genus of fungi in the order eurotiales phylum ascomycota, kingdom fungi that exists as asexual forms or anamorphs and is pathogenic diseasecausing in humans. The genus aspergillus contains over 260 species, although only a few are associated with disease. Many of these studies focused on specific groups species, sections, subgenera within aspergillus and the number of phylogenetic studies at the genus level and above are limited. The morphology of the conidiophore, the structure that bears asexual spores, is the most important taxonomic character used in aspergillus taxonomy. Aspergillus can be found in a variety of environments throughout the world given that there growth is largely determined by availability of water. The first microbial enzyme for industrial use was prepared by takamine 1894, who developed a process for the manufacture of amylase using a. The genus aspergillus from taxonomy and genetics to.
The growth morphology of the colonies can be seen in the pictures below. The genus aspergillus by kenneth b raper, dorothy i. Genomics, medical aspects, biotechnology, and research methods provides a comprehensive analysis of the research that reveals the main biological attributes of these species. This study was carried focusing the importance of this genus in the agricultural crops, with emphasis on the. Aspergillus in the genomic era wageningen academic. In conclusion, the production of aspergillus or penicilliumlike conidial heads is essential for assigning a species to a given genus. The greek epic poems the odyssey and the iliad, dating around 700 b. Aspergillus is the name used for a genus of molds that reproduce only by asexual means. The genus aspergillus has a worldwide distribution and is one of the most common of all groups of fungi. Xerophilic fungal species of the genus aspergillus are economically highly relevant due to their ability to grow on low water activity substrates causing spoilage of stored goods and animal feeds.
Molecular genetics of the bimb and bimd genes of aspergillus nidulans, two genes required for mitosis gregory s. The first studies on the phylogeny of aspergillus and related genera often used a. In this book, some aspects of the biology of this genus are covered, including the biotechnological importance of aspergilli, their role in mycotoxin contamination. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. Aspergillus jensenii is a species of fungus in the genus aspergillus. These balls of aspergillus hyphae are termed aspergillomas and can cause result in cough and hemoptysis. Aspergillus plural aspergilli is a genus of fungi that consists of about 300 identified species of mold mould. The transmission of fungal spores to the human host is via inhalation. Definition csp disease condition caused by species of aspergillus and marked by inflammatory granulomatous lesions in the skin, ear, orbit, nasal sinuses, lungs, and sometimes in the bones and meninges.
Aspergillus simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Postharvest rot typically develops during harvest, storage, andor transit. Aspergillus is a genus of ubiquitous fungi that are therapeutically important because the genus produces a wide range of structurally diverse secondary metabolites that are of highly considerable interest to both scientific research community and pharmaceutical industry. A new highly efficient betaglucosidase from the novel species, aspergillus. New and future developments in microbial biotechnology and bioengineering, pp. Jurka medically important aspects of the genus clinical aspects of the genus aspergillus, w. Identification of fungi of the genus aspergillus hydrolytic enzymes like lipases and amylases 1, 26. Collects six papers dealing with the taxonomy of the genus aspergillus. Aspergillus fungi definition, characteristics, types and. Experimental techniques on rodents, carnivores, birds, ruminants and monkeys are described. Col lection of body fluids, infusion techniques, care before, during and after surgery, radiography, euthanasia and disposal, parasitic infection, germfree techniques, aerosol challenge and drug administration are covered in this volume from basic techniques to refined special procedures. Aspergillus has been the subject of a large number of taxonomic studies using dna sequence data. Molecular genetics of the bimb and bimd genes of aspergillus nidulans, two genes required for mitosis.
The genus aspergillus, subgenus circumdati, section flavi includes historically species with conidia of yellowishgreen to brown color, being a. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, micheli was reminded of the shape of a n aspergill um holy water sprinkler, from latin spargere to sprinkle, and named. Austwick chapter on pathogenicity and a great selection of related books, art and. Aspergilli are ubiquitous in organic matter such as hay, decaying vegetation, soil and in construction sites. Aspergillus flavus is a saprotrophic and pathogenic fungus with a cosmopolitan distribution. Genus aspergillus definition of genus aspergillus by the. Phylogeny, identification and nomenclature of the genus. Aspergillus is the name used for a genus of moulds that reproduce only by asexual means. Enzymes have been used throughout civilization either as animal or vegetable extracts or in the form of microorganisms. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. The aspergilli are also one of the most important mycotoxinproducing groups of fungi when. About one third of types also have sexual reproduction aspergillus species are highly aerobic and are found in almost. The coeditors are a particularly proficient and prolific pair with long track records of scientific productivity.
Aspergillus species are amongst the most frequent pathogens of profoundly immunocompromised patients, and invasive aspergillosis is one of the more important factors limiting survival after bone marrow transplantation. Austwick chapter on pathogenicity and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Buy the genus aspergillus by kenneth b raper, dorothy i fennell online at alibris. This indispensable monograph with full, illustrated descriptions of the species and a comprehensive series of keys includes a chapter chapt. This chapter presents aspects involving fungi of the genus aspergillus in agroecology. The book opens with a fascinating overview of the genus aspergillus. These large, pathologic spaces may be the sequelae of cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis lesions. The fungi make asexual spores in a structure called an aspergillum. The genus aspergillus from taxonomy and genetics to industrial application. Chemistry and biology of secondary metabolites from.
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